Quantitative in vivo neurochemical profiling in humans: where are we now?

• Published in: International journal of epidemiology Vol. 45; no. 5; pp. 1339 - 1350
• Main Authors: McKay, Jessica, Tkáč, Ivan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Oxford University Press 01.10.2016
• Subjects: Biomarkers - blood; Brain - metabolism; Humans; Nervous System Diseases - blood; Nervous System Diseases - metabolism; Neurochemistry; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reviews; 1H-MRS; neurochemical profiling; CNS disorders; spectral quality; methodology
• ISSN: 0300-5771; 1464-3685; 1464-3685
• DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw235

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of biofluids has become one of the key techniques for metabolic profiling and phenotyping. This technique has been widely used in a number of epidemiological studies and in a variety of health disorders. However, its utilization in brain disorders is limited due to the blood-brain barrier, which not only protects the brain from unwanted substances in the blood, but also substantially limits the potential of finding biomarkers for neurological disorders in serum. This review article focuses on the potential of localized in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( H-MRS) for non-invasive neurochemical profiling in the human brain. First, methodological aspects of H-MRS (data acquisition, processing and metabolite quantification) that are essential for reliable non-invasive neurochemical profiling are described. Second, the power of H-MRS-based neurochemical profiling is demonstrated using some examples of its application in neuroscience and neurology. Finally, the authors present their vision and propose necessary steps to establish H-MRS as a method suitable for large-scale neurochemical profiling in epidemiological research.