Toxic effects of cyanotoxins in teleost fish: A comprehensive review

• Published in: Aquatic toxicology Vol. 240; p. 105971
• Main Authors: Banerjee, Sambuddha, Maity, Sukhendu, Guchhait, Rajkumar, Chatterjee, Ankit, Biswas, Chayan, Adhikari, Madhuchhanda, Pramanick, Kousik
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.11.2021
• Subjects: Algal bloom; Cyanobacteria; Cyanotoxins; Eutrophication; Hepatotoxicity; Neurotoxicity; Reproductive toxicity; cyp19a1b; MPF; JNK; ACh; igf; MDA; vtg1/VTG; gap43; E2; sod/SOD; DW; STX; RNS; Cyanobacteria; bax; CYN; elavl3; gnrhr1; gnrhr2; Hepatotoxicity; cyp19a1a; NOD; erα; Cyanotoxins; G6PDH; fshr; chop; gnrh3; gnrh2; atf4; MAPK; 17β-hsd; PP1; nkx2.2a; BMAA; pacap1; ROS; lhβ; gst/GST; syn2a; DPF; shha; gpx/GPx; ERK; MC-LR; ANTX-a(s); LPO; Oatp; DHP; LPS; Eutrophication; ngn1; Neurotoxicity; T; Reproductive toxicity; nAChR; ANTX-a; xbp-1 s; GSH; hmgra; btp; AChE; gh; BAF; fshβ; bcl2; PP2A; Algal bloom; bmp15; LC-MS; PP2C; cat/CAT; lhr; mbp; tnfa/TNFα; gfap; dusp5
• ISSN: 0166-445X; 1879-1514
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105971

•Eutrophication of water bodies and global warming promotes algal bloom.•Cyanotoxins - organic metabolites of cyanobacterial species cause harmful effects on fishes.•Cyanotoxins mainly exert hepato-, neuro-, immune-, and reproductive toxicities in teleost.•Inhibition of transcription and enzymatic activities are the major events determining toxicities.•Underlying mechanisms of cellular uptake and reproductive toxicity demand further research. The phenomenon of eutrophication leads to the global occurrence of algal blooms. Cyanotoxins as produced by many cyanobacterial species can lead to detrimental effects to the biome due to their stability and potential biomagnification along food webs. Therefore, understanding of the potential risks these toxins pose to the most susceptible organisms is an important prerequisite for ecological risks assessment of cyanobacteria blooms. Fishes are an important component of aquatic ecosystems that are prone to direct exposure to cyanotoxins. However, relatively few investigations have focused on measuring the toxic potentials of cyanotoxins in teleost fishes. This review comprehensively describes the major toxicological impacts (such as hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, immune toxicity, reproductive toxicity and cytogenotoxicity) of commonly occurring cyanotoxins in teleost fishes. The present work encompasses recent research progresses with special emphasis on the basic molecular mechanisms by which different cyanotoxins impose their toxicities in teleost fishes. The major research areas, which need to be focused on in future scientific investigations, have also been highlighted. Protein kinase inhibition, transcriptional dysregulation, disruption of redox homeostasis and the induction of apoptotic pathways appear to be the key drivers of the toxicological effects of cyanotoxins in fish. Analyses also showed that the impacts of cyanotoxins on specific reproductive processes are relatively less described in teleosts in comparison to mammalian systems. In fact, as compared to other toxicological effects of cyanotoxins, their reproductive toxicity (such as impacts on oocyte development, maturation and their hormonal regulation) is poorly understood in fish, and thus requires further studies. Furthermore, additonal studies characterizing the molecular mechanisms responsible for the cellular uptake of cyanotoxins need to be investigated. [Display omitted]