Involvement of bone in systemic endocrine regulation

The skeleton shows an unconventional role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the human organism, not only as the target tissue for a number of systemic hormones, but also as endocrine tissue modulating some skeletal and extraskeletal systems. From this point of view, the principal cells in the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inPhysiological research Vol. 67; no. 5; pp. 669 - 677
Main Author Zofkova, I
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Czech Republic Institute of Physiology 01.01.2018
Subjects
Adipose tissue
Animals
Beta cells
Bone growth
Bone marrow
Bone remodeling
Bone Remodeling - physiology
Bone resorption
Endocrine System - physiology
Energy balance
Fibroblast growth factor 23
Homeostasis
Homeostasis - physiology
Hormones
Humans
Insulin resistance
Insulin-like growth factors
Kidney diseases
Metabolism
Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts - physiology
Osteocalcin
Osteocytes
Osteocytes - physiology
Osteogenesis
Pancreas
Parathyroid
Phosphates
Physiology
Skeleton
SOST protein
TRANCE protein
Vitamin D
Vitamin D - metabolism
Womens health
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Summary:The skeleton shows an unconventional role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the human organism, not only as the target tissue for a number of systemic hormones, but also as endocrine tissue modulating some skeletal and extraskeletal systems. From this point of view, the principal cells in the skeleton are osteocytes. These cells primarily work as mechano-sensors and modulate bone remodeling. Mechanically unloaded osteocytes synthetize sclerostin, the strong inhibitor of bone formation and RANKL, the strong activator of bone resorption. Osteocytes also express hormonally active vitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) and phosphatonins, such as FGF23. Both 1,25(OH)(2)D and FGF23 have been identified as powerful regulators of the phosphate metabolism, including in chronic kidney disease. Further endocrine cells of the skeleton involved in bone remodeling are osteoblasts. While FGF23 targets the kidney and parathyroid glands to control metabolism of vitamin D and phosphates, osteoblasts express osteocalcin, which through GPRC6A receptors modulates beta cells of the pancreatic islets, muscle, adipose tissue, brain and testes. This article reviews some knowledge concerning the interaction between the bone hormonal network and phosphate or energy homeostasis and/or male reproduction.
ISSN:0862-8408
1802-9973
DOI:10.33549/physiolres.933843