Altered mechanisms of adaptation in social anxiety: differences in adapting to positive versus negative emotional faces

• Published in: Cognition and emotion Vol. 38; no. 5; pp. 727 - 747
• Main Authors: Morina, Erinda, Harris, Daniel A., Hayes-Skelton, Sarah A., Ciaramitaro, Vivian M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Routledge 03.07.2024; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Adaptation; Anger; Anxiety; Cognitive bias; Emotion recognition; Emotions; Equality; Face; Faces; Facial expressions; Negative emotions; perceptual bias; Positive emotions; Social anxiety; adaptation; emotions; Faces; social anxiety; perceptual bias
• ISSN: 0269-9931; 1464-0600; 1464-0600
• DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2314987

Social anxiety is characterised by fear of negative evaluation and negative perceptual biases; however, the cognitive mechanisms underlying these negative biases are not well understood. We investigated a possible mechanism which could maintain negative biases: altered adaptation to emotional faces. Heightened sensitivity to negative emotions could result from weakened adaptation to negative emotions, strengthened adaptation to positive emotions, or both mechanisms. We measured adaptation from repeated exposure to either positive or negative emotional faces, in individuals high versus low in social anxiety. We quantified adaptation strength by calculating the point of subjective equality (PSE) before and after adaptation for each participant. We hypothesised: (1) weaker adaptation to angry vs happy faces in individuals high in social anxiety, (2) no difference in adaptation to angry vs happy faces in individuals low in social anxiety, and (3) no difference in adaptation to sad vs happy faces in individuals high in social anxiety. Our results revealed a weaker adaptation to angry compared to happy faces in individuals high in social anxiety (Experiment 1), with no such difference in individuals low in social anxiety (Experiment 1), and no difference in adaptation strength to sad vs happy faces in individuals high in social anxiety (Experiment 2).