Inhibiting laser oxidation of UO2 via Th substitution

• Published in: Journal of nuclear materials Vol. 517; no. C; pp. 254 - 262
• Main Authors: Rickert, K., Prusnick, T.A., Hunt, E., Kimani, M.M., Chastang, S., Brooks, D.L., Moore, E.A., Petrosky, J.C., Mann, J.M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 15.04.2019; Elsevier BV; Elsevier
• Subjects: (U,Th)O2; Crystal growth; Crystals; Interstitials; Laser damage; Lasers; Nuclear fuels; Oxidation; Oxidation resistance; Raman spectroscopy; Single crystal; Single crystals; Solid solutions; Spent nuclear fuel; Substitution reactions; ThO2; Thorium; Thorium dioxide; UO2; Uranium dioxide; UxTh1-xO2; Valence; ThO2; Spent nuclear fuel; UO2; Oxidation; UxTh1-xO2; Raman spectroscopy; Uranium dioxide; (U,Th)O2; Thorium dioxide; Single crystal
• ISSN: 0022-3115; 1873-4820
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.02.005

UO2, a major component of nuclear fuels, undergoes volume-changing oxidation reactions that make its long-term storage challenging. The impact of substituting Th, which has a stable oxidation state of 4 + as opposed to the stable 6+, 5+, or 4 + states of U, into UO2 on the oxidation potential of the resulting isostructural solid solution is investigated. Hydrothermally grown single crystals of UxTh1-xO2, with x = 0.1, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, or 1.0 are subjected to a damaging 532 nm laser whose power is tuned at ≥ 3.04 mW to be simultaneously used as a driving force for oxidation and as an excitation source for μ-Raman spectroscopy. In so doing, the oxidation of UxTh1-xO2 to UxTh1-xO2+δ when x = 0.9 or 0.75 can be tracked by the evolution of a peak near 630 cm−1, which is indicative of the formation of oxygen interstitials. Higher Th contents disable this oxidation reaction and engender increased laser damage resistance. The oxidation of UO2 to U3O8 is found to be completely inhibited by all Th contents studied. •Laser oxidation of UO2 terminates at U3O8.•Laser oxidation of UxTh1-xO2 terminates at UxTh1-xO2+δ for x = 0.75 or 0.9.•Laser ablation of UxTh1-xO2 does not cause observable oxidation for x ≤ 0.5.