Festival gamification: Conceptualization and scale development

• Published in: Tourism management (1982) Vol. 74; pp. 370 - 381
• Main Authors: Liu, Chyong-Ru, Wang, Yao-Chin, Huang, Wen-Shiung, Tang, Wan-Ching
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2019
• Subjects: Festival gamification; Festival tourism; Flow experience; Scale development; Self-determination theory; Self-determination theory; Festival gamification; Scale development; Flow experience; Festival tourism
• ISSN: 0261-5177; 1879-3193
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2019.04.005

Based on self-determination theory, this study developed a Festival Gamification Scale (FGS). Through multi-study method, in study 1, five FGS dimensions were sorted through literature review, followed by twelve in-depth interviews. A total of 296 statements were extracted from interviews and were later narrowed down to 33 items under six dimensions. In study 2, 226 responses were collected from a cycling festival for exploratory factor analysis, resulting in twenty items under five dimensions. In study 3, 253 responses were obtained from a marathon festival for confirmatory factor analysis, resulting in sixteen items under five dimensions. In study 4, for examining model extension of the developed five-dimensional 16-item FGS, cross-validation analysis was performed using 219 responses from a religious festival. •Based on self-determination theory, this study develops the Festival Gamification Scale (FGS).•A five-dimensional 16-item FGS is developed through the multi-study method.•The FGS includes five dimensions: relatedness, mastery, competence, fun, and narratives.•The FGS could be applied in festivals and events.