Repair of a traumatic subarachnoid-pleural fistula with the percutaneous injection of fibrin glue in a 2-year-old

• Published in: Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics Vol. 17; no. 1; p. 13
• Main Authors: Chu, Jason K, Miller, Brandon A, Bazylewicz, Michael P, Holbrook, John F, Chern, Joshua J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.01.2016
• Subjects: Child, Preschool; Dura Mater - pathology; Female; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive - administration & dosage; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive - pharmacology; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Pleura - pathology; Pleural Diseases - etiology; Pleural Diseases - pathology; Pleural Diseases - therapy; Respiratory Tract Fistula - etiology; Respiratory Tract Fistula - therapy; Subarachnoid Space - pathology; Thoracic Injuries - complications; Thoracic Vertebrae - pathology; Transferrin - analysis; Wounds, Gunshot - complications; trauma; gunshot wound; EBP = epidural blood patch; subarachnoid-pleural fistula; technique; spine; spinal penetrating injury; fibrin glue; ASIA = American Spinal Injury Association; NIPPV = noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; SPF = subarachnoid-pleural fistula; CISS = constructive interference in steady state; pediatrics
• ISSN: 1933-0715
• DOI: 10.3171/2015.5.PEDS15194

Subarachnoid-pleural fistulas (SPFs) are rare clinical entities that occur after severe thoracic trauma or iatrogenic injury during anterolateral approaches to the spine. Treatment of these fistulas often entails open repair of the dural defect. The authors present the case of an SPF in a 2-year-old female after a penetrating injury to the chest. The diagnosis of an SPF was suspected given the high chest tube output and was confirmed with a positive β2-transferrin test of the chest tube fluid, as well as visualization of dural defects on MRI. The dural defects were successfully repaired with CT-guided percutaneous epidural injection of fibrin glue alone. This case represents the youngest pediatric patient with a traumatic SPF to be treated percutaneously. This technique can be safely used in pediatric patients, offers several advantages over open surgical repair, and could be considered as an alternative first-line therapy for the obliteration of SPFs.