Obsidian in the Early Neolithic of the Upper Vistula basin: origin, processing, distribution and use – a case study from Tominy (southern Poland)

• Published in: Praehistorische Zeitschrift Vol. 96; no. 1; pp. 19 - 43
• Main Authors: Szeliga, Marcin, Kasztovszky, Zsolt, Osipowicz, Grzegorz, Szilágyi, Veronika
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: German; English
• Published: Berlin De Gruyter 01.06.2021; Walter de Gruyter GmbH
• Subjects: analiza funkcjonalna; analiza PGAA; Analyse d’activation par rayons gamma rapides (PGAA); analyse fonctionelle; Archaeology; Ceramics; Cultural anthropology; culture de la céramique linéaire (LBK); distribution de l’obsidienne; dystrybucja obsydianu; début du Néolithique; Early Neolithic; Frühneolithikum; Igneous rocks; kultura ceramiki wstęgowej rytej (KCWR); Linear Pottery culture (LBK); Linearbandkeramische Kultur (LBK); Neolithic; obsidian distribution; Prompt-Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA); Prompt-Gamma-Aktivierungsanalyse; Raw materials; traseologische Analyse; use-wear analysis; Verteilung von Obsidian; Wczesny neolit; Poland
• ISSN: 0079-4848; 1613-0804
• DOI: 10.1515/pz-2021-0014

The inflow of the Carpathian obsidian into the areas on the northern side of the Carpathians and the Sudetes is confirmed as early as in the Palaeolithic. However, its greatest intensity occurred in the Early Neolithic, i. e. in the late 6 and in the first half of 5 millennia BC. During that period, the phenomenon was closely related with the development of the Danubian cultural groups in the upper Vistula river basin, including especially Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and Malice Culture. The constant presence of this raw material products in mentioned areas is documented from the classical (musical-note) phase of LBK, constituting one of the most expressive pieces of evidence of permanent and intense intercultural contacts with communities of the northern Carpathian Basin. This phenomenon has been repeatedly emphasized in the literature. One of the most numerous LBK obsidian inventories in the upper Vistula river basin was obtained at site 6 in Tominy, located in southern Poland, in the non-loess zone of the Sandomierz Upland northern foreground. The above-mentioned collection, its non-destructive elemental analysis, using Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) and also traceological analysis, is the subject of this article. The results supplement the published data to a significant extent, simultaneously providing partial verification and updating of the current state of knowledge on the basic issues related to the Early Neolithic obsidian inflow into areas located North of the Carpathians, including primarily the origin of the raw material, the scale of its processing and distribution ways, as well as the range of its use by the LBK communities.