The polySUMOylation axis promotes nucleolar release of Tof2 for mitotic exit

• Published in: Cell reports (Cambridge) Vol. 43; no. 7; p. 114492
• Main Authors: Gutierrez-Morton, Emily, Haluska, Cory, Collins, Liam, Rizkallah, Raed, Tomko, Robert J., Wang, Yanchang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 23.07.2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: Cdc14; Cdc48/p97/VCP; cell cycle; CP: Cell biology; mitotic exit; nucleolus; polySUMOylation; STUbL; SUMOylation; Tof2; yeast; Tof2; CP: Cell biology; cell cycle; STUbL; nucleolus; mitotic exit; Cdc14; SUMOylation; yeast; polySUMOylation; Cdc48/p97/VCP
• ISSN: 2211-1247; 2211-1247
• DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114492

In budding yeast, the nucleolus serves as the site to sequester Cdc14, a phosphatase essential for mitotic exit. Nucleolar proteins Tof2, Net1, and Fob1 are required for this sequestration. Although it is known that these nucleolar proteins are SUMOylated, how SUMOylation regulates their activity remains unknown. Here, we show that Tof2 exhibits cell-cycle-regulated nucleolar delocalization and turnover. Depletion of the nuclear small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protease Ulp2 not only causes Tof2 polySUMOylation, nucleolar delocalization, and degradation but also leads to Cdc14 nucleolar release and activation. This outcome depends on polySUMOylation and the activity of downstream enzymes, including SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase and Cdc48/p97 segregase. We further developed a system to tether SUMO machinery to Tof2 and generated a SUMO-deficient tof2 mutant, and the results indicate that Tof2 polySUMOylation is necessary and sufficient for its nucleolar delocalization and degradation. Together, our work reveals a polySUMO-dependent mechanism that delocalizes Tof2 from the nucleolus to facilitate mitotic exit. [Display omitted] •Protein polySUMOylation is a cell-cycle-regulated process in budding yeast•The localization and abundance of Cdc14 nucleolar anchor Tof2 fluctuate during the cell cycle•PolySUMO-triggered Tof2 ubiquitination and extraction cause its delocalization and degradation•PolySUMO-mediated Tof2 delocalization promotes Cdc14 activation and mitotic exit Gutierrez-Morton et al. demonstrate cell-cycle-regulated nucleolar localization and protein abundance of Tof2, a SUMO substrate that anchors Cdc14 phosphatase to the nucleolus. Tof2 polySUMOylation triggers its ubiquitination by STUbL, extraction by Cdc48, and degradation by the proteasome, which promotes the nucleolar release of Cdc14 for mitotic exit.