Demonstrating an altered metal oxidation reaction mechanism correlated with variations in surface energy

• Published in: Thermochimica acta Vol. 725; p. 179521
• Main Authors: Shancita, Islam, Altman, Igor, Burnett, Daniel, Zorrilla, Ezequiel Gutierrez, Garcia, Armando R., Hill, Kevin, Pantoya, Michelle
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.07.2023
• Subjects: Combustion control; Metal powder; Power generation; Solid fuels; Surface energy; Combustion control; Metal powder; Surface energy; Solid fuels; Power generation
• ISSN: 0040-6031; 1872-762X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2023.179521

•Thermal processing affects surface energy of aluminum powder.•Annealed and quenched aluminum powder shows a reduction in surface energy.•Low temperature reactivity of aluminum powder is correlated with its surface energy.•Higher surface energy promotes greater oxide film growth during pre-ignition.•Pre-ignition oxide accumulation controls combustion regime of metal powder. Thermal processing of powder media such as annealing and quenching alters particle surface properties and can influence the powder's reactivity. In this study, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed with micro-sized (4 µm characteristic particle diameter) aluminum (Al) powder. Two powders were examined, namely, untreated Al (UN Al), i.e., procured from the manufacturer, compared with thermally processed Al by annealing and quenching (i.e., called super-quenched aluminum, SQ Al). TGA experiments were designed to compare the rate of oxidation of both materials. A new data processing technique was introduced that allows for a direct demonstration of altered reactivity by comparing the sample behavior during heating and cooling. The approach analyzes a normalized derivate drop of mass gain data throughout a programmed heating and cooling cycle depending on particle exposure time to oxygen at select temperatures. Results clearly confirm a difference between SQ Al and UN Al at temperatures around 600 °C, i.e., just below the Al melting temperature. The powders were also characterized using inverse gas chromatography (iGC) that showed a substantially higher surface energy of UN Al. Based on the experimental results, there is a correlation between Al reactivity and particle surface energy that substantiates recent observations of two different modes of Al particle combustion. Particle surface energy can be controlled to affect the mechanism for metal oxidation thereby affecting the rate of metal combustion.