Tranexamic acid use in a patient with sickle cell disease undergoing posterior scoliosis correction surgery: safely mitigating bleeding and vaso-occlusive crises

• Published in: Journal of surgical case reports Vol. 2021; no. 1; p. rjaa559
• Main Authors: Newall, Millie, Hamdan, Thamer A, Ajayi, Bisola, Weil, Simon, Bishop, Timothy, Lui, Darren F
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Oxford University Press 01.01.2021
• Subjects: Case Report; surgical correction; tranexamic acid; scoliosis; sickle cell disease
• ISSN: 2042-8812; 2042-8812
• DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjaa559

Abstract A 15-year-old female with 2-year post-menarchal adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and sickle cell disease (SCD) underwent posterior scoliosis correction surgery. SCD is associated with higher rates of surgical complications, and these patients require careful management to prevent vaso-occlusive sickle cell crises (VOSCC); scoliosis correction surgery can be associated with high morbidity and mortality, including significant blood loss. Multiple techniques were employed to successfully prevent VOSCC in this patient including a preoperative transfusion, meticulous haemostasis at osteotomy sites, not performing a costoplasty despite presence of a rib hump, maintenance of intraoperative mean arterial pressure below 70 mmHg, aggressive postoperative hydration and the use of intraoperative tranexamic acid (TXA). This is the first reported case of the use of TXA in a patient with SCD and scoliosis correction surgery. A satisfactory correction was achieved with a longer than average inpatient stay due to non-sickle cell pain and protracted wound ooze.