Calming the waves, not the storm: measuring the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in a tangential magnetic field

• Published in: Journal of fluid mechanics Vol. 903
• Main Authors: Kögel, Armin, Völkel, Alexandra, Richter, Reinhard
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 25.11.2020
• Subjects: Critical flow; Decay rate; Diamagnetism; Experiments; Ferrofluids; Flow channels; Flow velocity; Fluid flow; Fluids; Interfacial waves; JFM Papers; Kelvin-helmholtz instability; Magnetic field; Magnetic fields; Periodic variations; Perturbation; Reynolds number; Stabilizing; Storms; Velocity; air/sea interactions; instability control; magnetic fluids
• ISSN: 0022-1120; 1469-7645
• DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2020.642

We measure the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in between a layer of a diamagnetic fluid flowing in a channel and a layer of ferrofluid resting on top. When the diamagnetic fluid exceeds a critical flow velocity the interface in between both fluids becomes unstable and waves develop. It has been predicted by Sutyrin & Taktarov (J. Appl. Math. Mech., vol. 39, 1975, pp. 520–524) that a homogeneous magnetic field, oriented horizontally, stabilizes the liquid interface. To test this prediction we apply in a closed flow channel a local periodic perturbation of the interface by magnetic or mechanic means. From the measured growth and decay rates of the interface undulations we determine the critical flow velocity for various driving frequencies and applied magnetic fields. In this way we confirm quantitatively the stabilizing effect of the horizontal field. Moreover we measure the dispersion relation of the interfacial waves.