Differences in Saprophytic Growth, Virulence, Genomes, and Secretomes of Ilyonectria robusta and I. mors-panacis Isolates from Roots of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)

A comparison of the virulence, saprophytic growth, and genomes of 12 isolates of Ilyonectria mors-panacis and 4 isolates of I. robusta from Canada pathogenic to Panax quinquefolius was made. There were no significant differences in the average lesion size on detached roots between isolates of the tw...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inHorticulturae Vol. 9; no. 6; p. 713
Main Authors Behdarvandi, Behrang, Hsiang, Tom, Valliani, Moez, Goodwin, Paul H.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.06.2023
Subjects
Crop diseases
Dextrose
Enzymes
Exons
Genes
Genetic engineering
Genomes
Ginseng
Growth rate
Ilyonectria
Ilyonectria genomes
Ilyonectria mors-panacis
Ilyonectria robusta
non-secretome proteins
Nucleotides
Panax quinquefolius
Panax quinquefolius genomic analysis
Pathogens
Proteins
Roots
Secretome
secretome proteins
Variance analysis
Virulence
Canada
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Summary:A comparison of the virulence, saprophytic growth, and genomes of 12 isolates of Ilyonectria mors-panacis and 4 isolates of I. robusta from Canada pathogenic to Panax quinquefolius was made. There were no significant differences in the average lesion size on detached roots between isolates of the two Ilyonectria species or isolates that originated from infected roots in first- or second-crop ginseng soils. This did not support the hypotheses that I. mors-panacis is always more virulent than I. robusta or that there is selection for higher virulence during the first crop. However, the average growth rate on potato dextrose agar for I. robusta was significantly greater than that of I. mors-panacis, and the average total genome size of I. robusta isolates was significantly smaller with a significantly higher GC content. On dendrograms based on nucleotide sequences of all predicted exons of the genomes, I. robusta isolates were distinguishable from I. mors-panacis isolates, which were similar but could be separated into types 1 and 2. The difference between type 1 and type 2 I. mors-panacis was not related to geographical origin, virulence, growth rate, or mating type. However, the division was also observed for the total predicted secretome, most notably small secreted cysteine-rich proteins and secreted proteases, indicating that type 1 and 2 isolates of I. mors-panacis may interact differently with their environment.
ISSN:2311-7524
2311-7524
DOI:10.3390/horticulturae9060713