Use of the Allium cepa Model to Assess the Cytogenotoxicity of Luffariella herdmani Marine Sponge Extract

• Published in: Alternatives to laboratory animals Vol. 51; no. 3; p. 175
• Main Authors: Kuruppuarachchi, Sashini U, Jayawardena, Uthpala A, Gunathilake, Varuni K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.05.2023
• Subjects: Animals; Chromosome Aberrations; Meristem; Onions; Plant Roots; Porifera; Allium cepa model; chromosomal aberrations; non-animal alternatives; marine sponge extract; Luffariella herdmani; cytogenotoxicity
• ISSN: 0261-1929
• DOI: 10.1177/02611929231171943

Marine sponge extracts are known to contain potentially toxic compounds that have biological activities of possible pharmacological interest. Thus, it is vital that biological models are used for the preliminary toxicity screening of such extracts. The present study reports the use of , a low-cost plant-based model, to assess the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of marine sponge crude extract (SCE). Pre-germinated onion bulbs, exposed for 96 hours to different concentrations of SCE (ranging from 0.3125 to 20 μg/ml), were used to determine general cytotoxicity. Root length as well as morphological abnormalities were recorded. Genotoxicity was assessed by exposing the root tips to SCE (0.3125-20 μg/ml) and the appropriate controls for 48 hours, and then staining with acetocarmine. The Mitotic Index (MI), Mitotic Phase Indices (MPIs) and chromosomal aberrations were evaluated and recorded. SCE inhibited root growth (EC = 10.34 μg/ml) and elicited a mitodepressive effect (LC = 1.95 μg/ml) in a dose-dependent and significant manner. In addition, macroscopic alterations as well as chromosomal aberrations were detected. Overall, our findings indicate that crude extract exhibits cytotoxic and genotoxic activity, suggesting that it might contain substances with anti-proliferative/anticancer potential that could be subject to further characterisation.