Method Matters: Enhancing Voice‐Based Depression Detection With a New Data Collection Framework

• Published in: Depression and anxiety Vol. 2025; no. 1; p. 4839334
• Main Authors: Vilenchik, Dan, Cwikel, Julie, Ezra, Yacov, Hausdorff, Tuvia, Lazarov, Mor, Sergienko, Ruslan, Abramovitz, Rachel, Schmidt, Ilana, Perez, Alison Stern
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley 01.01.2025
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Data Collection - methods; Depression - diagnosis; Depressive Disorder - diagnosis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Self Report; Voice
• ISSN: 1091-4269; 1520-6394; 1520-6394
• DOI: 10.1155/da/4839334

Depression accounts for a major share of global disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs). Diagnosis typically requires a psychiatrist or lengthy self‐assessments, which can be challenging for symptomatic individuals. Developing reliable, noninvasive, and accessible detection methods is a healthcare priority. Voice analysis offers a promising approach for early depression detection, potentially improving treatment access and reducing costs. This paper presents a novel pipeline for depression detection that addresses several critical challenges in the field, including data imbalance, label quality, and model generalizability. Our study utilizes a high‐quality, high‐depression‐prevalence dataset collected from a specialized chronic pain clinic, enabling robust depression detection even with a limited sample size. We obtained a lift in the accuracy of up to 15% over the 50–50 baseline in our 52‐patient dataset using a 3‐fold cross‐validation test (which means the train set is n = 34, std 2.8%, p ‐value 0.01). We further show that combining voice‐only acoustic features with a single self‐report question (subject unit of distress [SUDs]) significantly improves predictive accuracy. While relying on SUDs is not always good practice, our data collection setting lacked incentives to misrepresent depression status; SUDs were highly reliable, giving 86% accuracy; adding acoustic features raises it to 92%, exceeding the stand‐alone potential of SUDs with a p ‐value 0.1. Further data collection will enhance accuracy, supporting a rapid, noninvasive depression detection method that overcomes clinical barriers. These findings offer a promising tool for early depression detection across clinical settings.