3D image copyright protection based on cellular automata transform and direct smart pixel mapping

• Published in: Optics communications Vol. 329; pp. 92 - 102
• Main Authors: Li, Xiao-Wei, Kim, Seok-Tae, Lee, In-Kwon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 15.10.2014
• Subjects: Cellular automata; Depth-converted elemental image array; Direct smart pixel mapping; Image reconstruction; Mapping; Pixels; Planes; Three dimensional; Three-dimensional watermarking; Transforms; Watermarking; Three-dimensional watermarking; Depth-converted elemental image array; Direct smart pixel mapping
• ISSN: 0030-4018; 1873-0310
• DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2014.05.006

We propose a three-dimensional (3D) watermarking system with the direct smart pixel mapping algorithm to improve the resolution of the reconstructed 3D watermark plane images. The depth-converted elemental image array (EIA) is obtained through the computational pixel mapping method. In the watermark embedding process, the depth-converted EIA is first scrambled by using the Arnold transform, which is then embedded in the middle frequency of the cellular automata (CA) transform. Compared with conventional computational integral imaging reconstruction (CIIR) methods, this proposed scheme gives us a higher resolution of the reconstructed 3D plane images by using the quality-enhanced depth-converted EIA. The proposed method, which can obtain many transform planes for embedding watermark data, uses CA transforms with various gateway values. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, we present the results of our preliminary experiments.