Produced water characteristics, treatment and reuse: A review

[Display omitted] In oil and gas industry, produced water is considered as the largest waste stream, which contains relatively higher concentration of hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other pollutants. Due to the increase in industrial activities, the generation of produced water has increased all ove...

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Published inJournal of water process engineering Vol. 28; pp. 222 - 239
Main Authors Al-Ghouti, Mohammad A., Al-Kaabi, Maryam A., Ashfaq, Mohammad Y., Da’na, Dana Adel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2019
Subjects
Characterization
Environmental toxicology
Produced water
Treatment
Characterization
Environmental toxicology
Treatment
Produced water
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Summary:[Display omitted] In oil and gas industry, produced water is considered as the largest waste stream, which contains relatively higher concentration of hydrocarbons, heavy metals and other pollutants. Due to the increase in industrial activities, the generation of produced water has increased all over the world and its treatment for reuse is now important from environmental perspective. Treatment of produced water can be done through various methods including physical (membrane filtration, adsorption etc.), chemical (precipitation, oxidation), and biological (activated sludge, biological aerated filters and others) methods. This paper aims to highlight characteristics of produced water in detail and physical, chemical, and biological techniques used for its treatment. In addition, reuse of produced water for different purposes has been discussed. At the end, few case studies from different countries, related to the treatment and reuse of their produced waters have been included.
ISSN:2214-7144
2214-7144
DOI:10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.02.001