The Interrelationships between Cytokines and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review

Schizophrenia (SCZ) imposes a significant burden on patients and their families because of its high prevalence rate and disabling nature. Given the lack of definitive conclusions regarding its pathogenesis, physicians heavily rely on patients' subjective symptom descriptions for diagnosis becau...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 15; p. 8477
Main Authors Lv, Haibing, Guo, Meng, Guo, Chuang, He, Kuanjun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 01.08.2024
Subjects
Analysis
Biomarkers
Brain research
Communication
Cytokines
Cytokines - metabolism
Development and progression
Disease
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism
Homeostasis
Humans
Immune system
Inflammation
Mental disorders
Nervous system
Neurotoxicity
Neurotransmitters
research advances
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia - diagnosis
Schizophrenia - metabolism
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
cytokines
extracellular vesicles
schizophrenia
biomarkers
research advances
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Summary:Schizophrenia (SCZ) imposes a significant burden on patients and their families because of its high prevalence rate and disabling nature. Given the lack of definitive conclusions regarding its pathogenesis, physicians heavily rely on patients' subjective symptom descriptions for diagnosis because reliable diagnostic biomarkers are currently unavailable. The role of the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of SCZ has been supported by some studies. The findings of these studies showed abnormal changes in the levels of inflammatory factors, such as cytokines (CKs), in both peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) among individuals affected by SCZ. The findings imply that inflammatory factors could potentially function as risk indicators for the onset of SCZ. Consequently, researchers have directed their attention towards investigating the potential utility of CKs as viable biomarkers for diagnosing SCZ. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing disease-specific components exhibit remarkable stability and abundance, making them promising candidates for biomarker discovery across various diseases. CKs encapsulated within EVs secreted by immune cells offer valuable insights into disease progression. This review presents a comprehensive analysis summarizing the relationship between CKs and SCZ and emphasizes the vital role of CKs encapsulated within EVs in the pathogenesis and development of SCZ.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25158477