Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Glioblastoma Patients

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 10; no. 5; p. e2678
• Main Authors: Lim, Gerald, Ho, Clement, Roldan Urgoti, Gloria, Leugner, Derek, Easaw, Jay
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 23.05.2018; Cureus
• Subjects: Age; Brain cancer; Cancer therapies; Diabetes; Health risk assessment; Hypertension; Medical prognosis; Neurosurgery; Oncology; Patients; Population; Radiation Oncology; Radiation therapy; Thromboembolism; Variables; Alberta Canada; Canada; Calgary Alberta Canada; radiotherapy; dvt; gbm
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2678

Background Patients with cancer are at increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) with a particularly high prevalence in patients with glioblastoma (GB). We designed this current study to determine the incidence of symptomatic VTE in patients with GB undergoing first-line chemoradiotherapy and to develop a clinical score to help physicians identify those who are at the highest risk of VTE. Methods A retrospective study cohort included patients diagnosed with GBM treated with radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy between 2005 and 2010 in Southern Alberta. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the patient population. A predictive value for VTE was assessed by comparing logistic models and using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Twenty-three out of 115 patients (20%) experienced a symptomatic VTE. This complication was not associated with overall survival at two years (p=0.06, heart rate (HR)=1.61). Hypertension and smoking were associated with VTE (p-values 0.034 and 0.048, respectively). A scoring system with the following variables was developed to predict the likelihood of developing VTE: (1) Karnofsky performance status (KPS) - 70, 1 point; KPS < 70, 2 points; (2) Age - 45 to 60, 1 point; 61 to 70, 2 points; (3) Current smoking, 1 point; (4) Hypertension, 1 point. Patients with >3 points were 5 times more likely to develop a VTE. Conclusions In our population, our simple scoring system allows the identification of patients with GB receiving first-line therapy, who are at the highest risk of VTE. These results require validation in an independent series.