Optimization of Height-to-Diameter Ratio for an Accelerator-Driven System

• Published in: Nuclear science and engineering Vol. 143; no. 2; pp. 141 - 157
• Main Authors: Kim, Yonghee, Park, Won Seok, Song, Tae Yung, Park, Chang Kue
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: La Grange Park, IL Taylor & Francis 01.02.2003; American Nuclear Society
• Subjects: ACCELERATORS; Applied sciences; BISMUTH; COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION; COOLANTS; DESIGN; Energy; Energy. Thermal use of fuels; EROSION; EUTECTICS; Exact sciences and technology; Experimental methods and instrumentation for elementary-particle and nuclear physics; Fission nuclear power plants; GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS; Installations for energy generation and conversion: thermal and electrical energy; LEAD; MONTE CARLO METHOD; MULTIPLICATION FACTORS; Neutron sources; NEUTRONS; Nuclear physics; OPTIMIZATION; Particle sources and targets; Physics; REACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS; REACTOR CORES; THERMAL HYDRAULICS; VELOCITY; Particle accelerator; Subcritical reactor; Monte Carlo method; Hybrid reactor; Eutectic; Bismuth; Multiplication factors; Lead; Void fraction; Modeling; Optimization; Nuclear reactor
• ISSN: 0029-5639; 1943-748X
• DOI: 10.13182/NSE03-A2325

The height-to-diameter (H/D) ratio of a lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE)-cooled accelerator-driven system (ADS) has been evaluated in terms of the neutron multiplication, the coolant void worth, and the coolant velocity. For a model ADS, an optimization of the H/D ratio is performed with a Monte Carlo code both for the effective multiplication factor k eff and for the multiplication of the external neutrons. In the optimization, ten cases of H/D values have been analyzed for a homogeneous fuel blanket. Also, the dependency of the optimal H/D ratio on the target/buffer is addressed. The Monte Carlo simulations show that the optimal H/D configuration of the ADS core is quite different for the two important measures, and a high H/D ratio can provide a significantly higher source multiplication than the traditional pancake core. Furthermore, various core analyses including depletion calculations are conducted for three selected heterogeneous cores with different H/D ratios, which are a small H/D value (pancake type), a medium H/D value, and a high H/D value, respectively. Void reactivity coefficients of the LBE coolant are evaluated and compared for the three designs to quantify the effects of the H/D ratio. Additionally, a thermal-hydraulic analysis has been performed to derive a maximum allowable core height subject to the LBE velocity limit due to its corrosion and erosion characteristics. It is shown that the practically optimal H/D ratio for source multiplication is tightly constrained by the maximum allowable LBE velocity, depending on the core design parameters.