Skipping breakfast among preschoolers: associated factors and its dose-response relationship with overweight/obesity

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate factors associated with skipping breakfast in preschoolers and test a dose-dependent relationship between the frequency of breakfast consumption and the prevalence of overweight/obesity. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, carried out with 463 children (24 to 5...

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Published inRevista de nutrição Vol. 34
Main Authors GUIMARÃES, Ana Carolina Vieira de Teixeira, CARDOSO, Camila Kellen de Souza, SOUZA, Luciana Bronzi de, GUIMARÃES, Marília Mendonça, PEIXOTO, Maria do Rosário Gondim
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 2021
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Summary:ABSTRACT Objective To investigate factors associated with skipping breakfast in preschoolers and test a dose-dependent relationship between the frequency of breakfast consumption and the prevalence of overweight/obesity. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, carried out with 463 children (24 to 59 months of age) who live in the urban location of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Sociodemographic data, maternal and child nutritional status, lifestyle, and dietary practices were collected using a standardized questionnaire and Habitual Food Recall during a home-based interview. Skipping breakfast was defined as a frequency of consumption “less than seven days a week”. Based on body mass index by age, children were classified as overweight/obese if Z-score ≥2. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between the variables surveyed and skipping breakfast. The dose-dependent relationship between breakfast frequency and overweight/obesity was determined by the trend test. Results The prevalence of skipping breakfast was 8.42% (95%IC: 6.1-11.3). There was an association between the habit of substituting dinner for a sandwich/snack (adjusted OR: 2.61, 95%IC: 1.25-5.46; p=0.010) and the mother’s overweight (adjusted OR: 2.63; 95%CI: 1.29-5.37; p=0.008) with the habit of skipping breakfast. The trend test shows that the prevalence of overweight/obesity decreases as the frequency of breakfast consumption increases (p=0.035). Additionally, when assessing the quality of breakfast, frequent consumption of foods considered unhealthy was observed. Conclusion There is a dose-response association between overweight/obesity and skipping breakfast. Children who substitute traditional dinner for a sandwich/snack and whose mothers are overweight are more likely to skip breakfast. RESUMO Objetivo Investigar fatores associados à omissão do café da manhã em pré-escolares e avaliar a relação dose-dependente entre frequência de consumo desta refeição e prevalência de excesso de peso. Métodos Estudo transversal com 463 crianças (24-59 meses de idade) da área urbana de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Coletou-se dados sociodemográficos, estado nutricional materno e da criança, hábito de vida e práticas alimentares infantis usando questionário padronizado e recordatório alimentar habitual em visitas domiciliares. A omissão do café da manhã foi definida como frequência de consumo “menor que sete dias por semana”. Com base no índice de massa corporal por idade, as crianças foram classificadas com excesso de peso se escore-z ≥ 2. Utilizou-se regressão logística múltipla para avaliar associação entre as variáveis pesquisadas e a omissão do café da manhã. A relação dose-dependente entre frequência do café da manhã e excesso de peso foi determinada pelo teste de tendência. Resultados A prevalência de omissão do café da manhã foi 8.42% (IC95%: 6.1-11.3). Houve associação entre o hábito de trocar o jantar por lanche (OR ajustado: 2.61 (IC95%:1.25-5.46); p=0.010) e o excesso de peso materno (OR ajustado: 2.63, IC95%:1.29-5.37; p=0.008) com a omissão do café da manhã. A prevalência de excesso de peso diminui quando a frequência do consumo do café da manhã aumenta (p=0.035). Conclusão Há associação dose-resposta entre excesso de peso e omissão do café da manhã. Crianças que trocam o jantar por lanche e têm mães com excesso de peso apresentam maior chance de omitirem o café da manhã.
ISSN:1415-5273
1678-9865
DOI:10.1590/1678-9865202134200276