An emerging connected view: Phytocytokines in regulating stomatal, apoplastic, and vascular immunity

• Published in: Current opinion in plant biology Vol. 82; p. 102623
• Main Authors: Jian, Yunqing, Liu, Zunyong, He, Ping, Shan, Libo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2024
• Subjects: apoplast; apoplastic fluids; disease resistance; guttation; immunity; pathogens; peptides; Plant Diseases - immunology; Plant Diseases - microbiology; Plant Immunity; Plant Stomata - metabolism; Plant Stomata - physiology; stomatal movement; water potential
• ISSN: 1369-5266; 1879-0356; 1879-0356
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102623

Foliar pathogens exploit natural openings, such as stomata and hydathodes, to invade plants, multiply in the apoplast, and potentially spread through the vasculature. To counteract these threats, plants dynamically regulate stomatal movement and apoplastic water potential, influencing hydathode guttation and water transport. This review highlights recent advances in understanding how phytocytokines, plant small peptides with immunomodulatory functions, regulate these processes to limit pathogen entry and proliferation. Additionally, we discuss the coordinated actions of stomatal movement, hydathode guttation, and the vascular system in restricting pathogen entry, multiplication, and dissemination. We also explore future perspectives and key questions arising from these findings, aiming to advance our knowledge of plant immunity and improve disease resistance strategies.