Trace level doping of lithium-rich cathode materials
Lithium ion batteries have revolutionized portable electronics and have the potential to electrify the transportation sector. Lithium-rich cathode materials with the composition xLi sub(2)MnO sub(3).(1-x)Li(Ni sub(1/3)Mn sub(1/3)Co sub(1/3))O sub(2) have received considerable attention as candidates...
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Published in | Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability Vol. 4; no. 9; pp. 3538 - 3545 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
01.01.2016
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Lithium ion batteries have revolutionized portable electronics and have the potential to electrify the transportation sector. Lithium-rich cathode materials with the composition xLi sub(2)MnO sub(3).(1-x)Li(Ni sub(1/3)Mn sub(1/3)Co sub(1/3))O sub(2) have received considerable attention as candidates for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs). Cathodes made from these materials display high capacity (>200 mAhg super(-1)) and good cycling stability, offering twice the energy density of currently available intercalation materials. Unfortunately, their performance is plagued by voltage fade due to a layered-spinel phase transformation. Herein, using spray pyrolysis, we show that certain inexpensive trace level ( less than or equal to 1%) dopants can help in mitigating voltage fade, when the material is cycled between 2.0-4.6 V. The dopants lead to greater capacity loss than what would be expected from a capacity that is strictly based on a change in the transitional-metal oxidation state. The results imply that a portion of the capacity of these materials comes from reversible oxygen chemistry. These findings could put a different perspective on fade mechanism prevention. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 2050-7488 2050-7496 |
DOI: | 10.1039/c5ta07764h |