Cytoplasmic signaling pathways that regulate cardiac hypertrophy

• Published in: Annual review of physiology Vol. 63; no. 1; pp. 391 - 426
• Main Authors: Molkentin, J D, Dorn, 2nd, G W
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Annual Reviews, Inc 01.01.2001
• Subjects: Animals; Cardiomegaly - metabolism; Cardiomegaly - physiopathology; Cytoplasm - physiology; Humans; Myocardium - metabolism; Signal Transduction - physiology
• ISSN: 0066-4278; 1545-1585
• DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.63.1.391

This review discusses the rapidly progressing field of cardiomyocyte signal transduction and the regulation of the hypertrophic response. When stimulated by a wide array of neurohumoral factors or when faced with an increase in ventricular-wall tension, individual cardiomyocytes undergo hypertrophic growth as an adaptive response. However, sustained cardiac hypertrophy is a leading predictor of future heart failure. A growing number of intracellular signaling pathways have been characterized as important transducers of the hypertrophic response, including specific G protein isoforms, low-molecular-weight GTPases (Ras, RhoA, and Rac), mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, protein kinase C, calcineurin, gp130-signal transducer and activator of transcription, insulin-like growth factor I receptor pathway, fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor beta receptor pathways, and many others. Each of these signaling pathways has been implicated as a hypertrophic transducer, which collectively suggests an emerging paradigm whereby multiple pathways operate in concert to orchestrate a hypertrophic response