New insights into the mechanism of wettability alteration during low salinity water flooding in carbonate rocks

• Published in: Journal of dispersion science and technology Vol. 40; no. 5; pp. 695 - 706
• Main Authors: Su, Wenbo, Liu, Yuetian, Yang, Huohai, Pi, Jian, Chai, Rukuan, Li, Changyong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia Taylor & Francis 04.05.2019; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Calcite; Calcium ions; Carbonate rock; Carbonate rocks; Carbonates; Composition effects; Contact angle; Dolomite; Flooding; low salinity water flooding; Minerals; Salinity; Water flooding; Wettability; wettability alteration
• ISSN: 0193-2691; 1532-2351
• DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2018.1478306

There is not a consistent view about the mechanism of wettability alteration during low salinity water flooding. This paper highlights extensive wettability studies to investigate the wettability alteration on mineralogically different carbonates. Contact angle measurements were conducted to characterize wettability changes quantitatively. The results clearly revealed that wettability of carbonate rock surfaces can be altered to a more water-wet condition by lowering water salinity. The trend of the maximum change of contact angle (MCCA) variation with dolomite/calcite content in the rock is fairly linear under the same salinity, which demonstrates that carbonate minerals can affect rock wettability in a way. Also, the higher calcite content in the rock, the greater MCCA, i.e. the stronger effect of LSWF. Besides, the sensitivity of rock wettability to minerals is different under different salinity conditions. When the salinity is in the range of 2384.6 ∼ 4769.2 mg/L, rock wettability is most sensitive to minerals. The analysis of the effect of ion composition showed that the effect of Ca 2+ on wettability alteration is greater than that of Mg 2+ at room temperature, and with the increase of the content of calcite in the rock, the effect of Ca 2+ is more pronounced than that of Mg 2+ .