Progress in 4D printing of stimuli responsive materials

Smart materials are capable of sensing, memorizing, and changing their structure. Fabrication of smart materials established a modern-day technology called additive manufacturing (AM). However, non-uniform shrinkage, anisotropic behavior, and the 3D printing technique's static nature gave way t...

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Published inPolymer-plastics technology and engineering Vol. 60; no. 17; pp. 1845 - 1883
Main Authors Patdiya, Jigar, Kandasubramanian, Balasubramanian
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Taylor & Francis 22.11.2021
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects
4D printing
fabrication of shape-memory materials
Inclusions
Manufacturing
shape memory effect
Smart materials
stimuli-responsive materials
Three dimensional printing
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Summary:Smart materials are capable of sensing, memorizing, and changing their structure. Fabrication of smart materials established a modern-day technology called additive manufacturing (AM). However, non-uniform shrinkage, anisotropic behavior, and the 3D printing technique's static nature gave way to 4D printing with an additional 4th coordinate as a time for the dynamic design structures. This review article converges the progression, inclusions of intelligent materials, significant stimulus, multiple parameters, modeling of SMMs, filler interaction in SMCs, additive manufacturing processes applied for 4D printing, characterization techniques, and region of demand of 4D printing, as well as challenges and future scope in 4D printing.
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ISSN:2574-0881
0360-2559
2574-089X
1525-6111
DOI:10.1080/25740881.2021.1934016