Sensitive detection of SARS-CoV2 spike antibodies by a paper-based polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide sensor

• Published in: Biotechnology and bioprocess engineering Vol. 30; no. 1; pp. 80 - 87
• Main Authors: Chang, Hsiao-Ming, Zhang, Yibing, Hashimoto, Casey, Vazquez, Carlos I., Fang, Yile, Kumar, Parveen, Gadre, Anand, Li, Changqing, Chin, Wei-Chun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Seoul The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering 01.02.2025; Springer Nature B.V; 한국생물공학회
• Subjects: Antibiotics; Antibodies; Biotechnology; Chemical sensors; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Conjugation; COVID-19; COVID-19 infection; detection limit; Detection limits; Fabrication; Filter paper; Fluorescence; fluorescence microscopes; Fourier transforms; Graphene; graphene oxide; Immune response; Industrial and Production Engineering; Infrared spectra; Infrared spectroscopy; Pandemics; Polypyrroles; pyrroles; Research Paper; Scanning electron microscopy; Sensitivity analysis; Sensors; sensors (equipment); Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Viral diseases; 생물공학; COVID-19; Reduced graphene oxide; Paper-based device; Immunosensor; Polypyrrole; Post-pandemic
• ISSN: 1226-8372; 1976-3816
• DOI: 10.1007/s12257-024-00150-1

The presence of antibodies (Abs) in the body is an indicator of the individual immune response to an infection. In the post-pandemic era, an accurate, cheap, and rapid antibiotic sensor is critically needed to monitor Ab levels. Therefore, we present a simple fabrication method for a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor that detects SARS-CoV2 spike Abs. The sensor comprises filter paper with a composite made of polypyrrole (PPy) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The rGO structure is observed using a scanning electron microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The presence of rGO improves protein conjugation which is identified using a fluorescent microscope and FTIR. The sensitivity test performs high selectivity and reproducibility in two different SARS-CoV2 Abs separately and shows the range of detection limits between 10 and 1000 fg/mL. The results demonstrate an advancement in developing PPy/rGO composite sensors for SARS-CoV2 Ab detection and as a promising sensor for monitoring COVID-19 exposures and infections.