Effects of varieties and cultivation conditions on the composition of strawberries

• Published in: Journal of food composition and analysis Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 67 - 80
• Main Authors: Hakala, Mari, Lapveteläinen, Anja, Huopalahti, Rainer, Kallio, Heikki, Tahvonen, Raija
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.02.2003; Elsevier
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Component; Food industries; Fruit; Fruit and vegetable industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Mineral elements; Pesticide; Strawberry; Vitamin C; dL, Decilitre; Ca, Calcium; K, Potassium; Mg, Magnesium; PCA, Principal component analysis; ‘Senga’-SW, Senga Sengana grown in South-West Finland; ‘Senga’-VP, Senga Sengana imported from Poland via Valio Hillotehdas Ltd. (Finland); DL, Detection limit; ‘Senga’-PP, Senga Sengana imported from Poland via Pakkasmarja Ltd. (Finland); B, Bounty; Pesticide; Mn, Manganese; Mrl, Maximum residual limit; Zn, Zinc; Strawberry; Vitamin C; Fe, Iron; H, Honeoye; P, Polka; Component; J, Jonsok; Cu, Copper; Fruit; PC, Principal component; Mineral elements; K, Korona; Cd, Cadmium; S, Senga Sengana; OR, Organically cultivated; ‘Senga’-E, Senga Sengana grown in Eastern Finland; Pb, Lead; Small fruits; Pesticides; Vitamin; Inorganic element; Chemical composition; Variety; Culture
• ISSN: 0889-1575; 1096-0481
• DOI: 10.1016/S0889-1575(02)00165-5

Mineral elements, vitamin C and pesticides of frozen strawberries ( Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) grown in Finland were studied. ‘Senga Sengana’, ‘Jonsok’, ‘Korona’, ‘Polka’, ‘Honeoye’ and ‘Bounty’ were cultivated applying normal farming practices and harvested analogously in 1997 and 1998. Organically cultivated ‘Polka’, ‘Jonsok’ and ‘Honeoye’ were also analysed. The variation of components in the ‘Senga Sengana’ fruit of two domestic and two imported origins was investigated. Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn were determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer applying the flame technique, Cd and Pb applying the graphite furnace technique. Vitamin C was measured by using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The average concentration of vitamin C ranged from 32.4 mg/100 g to 84.7 mg/100 g. Strawberries were found to be a good source of potassium (1.55–2.53 g/kg), magnesium (0.11–0.23 g/kg) and calcium (0.16–0.29 g/kg). The lead content was in general below its detection limit (0.004 mg/kg). The cadmium level in the Finnish berries was lower than 0.016 mg/kg. In all samples levels of pesticides were below their maximum residue limits. In general, genotype and origin proved to have a greater effect than the cultivation techniques on parameter levels.