Memory CD4+T cell profile is associated with unfavorable prognosis in IgG4-related disease: Risk stratification by machine-learning

• Published in: Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) Vol. 252; p. 109301
• Main Authors: Nie, Yuxue, Liu, Zheng, Cao, Wei, Peng, Yu, Lu, Hui, Sun, Ruijie, Li, Jingna, Peng, Linyi, Zhou, Jiaxin, Fei, Yunyun, Li, Mengtao, Zeng, Xiaofeng, Zhang, Wen, Li, Taisheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.07.2023
• Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Humans; IgG4-related disease; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease; Immunophenotype; Machine Learning; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; SHAP; Immunophenotype; IM; ROC; Th2 cells; AUC; IgG4-related disease; RTX; Tfh; RI; PD1; GC; TEM; IgG4-RD; ML; PLSDA
• ISSN: 1521-6616; 1521-7035; 1521-7035
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109301

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic immune-mediated disease with heterogeneity. In this study, we used machine-learning approaches to characterize the immune cell profiles and to identify the heterogeneity of IgG4-RD. The XGBoost model discriminated IgG4-RD from HCs with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.963 in the testing set. There were two clusters of IgG4-RD by k-means clustering of immunological profiles. Cluster 1 featured higher proportions of memory CD4+T cell and were at higher risk of unfavorable prognosis in the follow-up, while cluster 2 featured higher proportions of naïve CD4+T cell. In the multivariate logistic regression, cluster 2 was shown to be a protective factor (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10–0.91, P = 0.011). Therefore, peripheral immunophenotyping might potentially stratify patients with IgG4-RD and predict those patients with a higher risk of relapse at early time. •IgG4-RD patients had altered immunological subsets, by which can be distinguished from healthy people.•Machine-learning approach was effective to detect the features of immunophenotype of IgG4-RD and to identify the heterogeneity of IgG4-RD.•IgG4-RD patients with elevated of CD4+ memory T cells were at higher risk for relapse, calling for more attention during follow-up.