Ultra-fine grain TixVNbMoTa refractory high-entropy alloys with superior mechanical properties fabricated by powder metallurgy

• Published in: Journal of alloys and compounds Vol. 865; p. 158592
• Main Authors: Liu, Qing, Wang, Guofeng, Sui, Xiaochong, Xu, Ye, Liu, Yongkang, Yang, Jianlei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Lausanne Elsevier B.V 05.06.2021; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Alloy powders; Ductility; Grain boundaries; Grain size; High entropy alloys; Mechanical alloying; Mechanical properties; Phases; Plasma sintering; Powder metallurgy; Refractory high-entropy alloy; Sintering (powder metallurgy); Solid solutions; Solution strengthening; Spark plasma sintering; Strengthening mechanism; Titanium; Ultra-fine grain; Mechanical properties; Spark plasma sintering; Mechanical alloying; Refractory high-entropy alloy; Ultra-fine grain; Strengthening mechanism
• ISSN: 0925-8388; 1873-4669
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158592

•TixVNbMoTa refractory high-entropy alloys with ultra-fine grains were fabricated by MA and SPS.•The mechanical alloying time of the milling powders with high Ti content was extended by the severe agglomeration.•The fluctuation of yield strengths is attributed to the changes of strengthening effect. TixVNbMoTa refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) were fabricated by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) based on classic VNbMoTaW RHEA. The effect of Ti content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the TixVNbMoTa RHEAs were systematically investigated. The results showed that the milling powders with more Ti content were agglomerated severely in the early stage of the MA process, leading to the extension of mechanical alloying time. The mechanically alloyed powders in all groups exhibited single body-centered-cubic (BCC) phase after the MA process. The sintered alloys were consisted of ultra-fine matrix and precipitation phase. The grain sizes of the matrix and precipitation phases, as well as the volume fraction of the precipitation phases were increased with the increase of Ti content. The MA and SPS processes and the replacement of Ti not only greatly reduce the densities, but also significantly improved the ductility, strength and specific strength of the alloys. The yield strengths were decreased first and then increased with the increase of Ti content in the TixVNbMoTa RHEAs, which is mainly attributed to the weakened effect of grain boundary strengthening, and the enhanced effect of the substitution solid solution strengthening and the interstitial solid solution strengthening. The rapidly increased sizes and volume fractions of the precipitated phases in Ti1.5 and Ti2 destroyed the continuity of matrix and the coordination of deformation, resulting in the decrease of ductility.