Optofluidic imaging meets deep learning: from merging to emerging

• Published in: Lab on a chip Vol. 23; no. 5; pp. 111 - 133
• Main Authors: Siu, Dickson M. D, Lee, Kelvin C. M, Chung, Bob M. F, Wong, Justin S. J, Zheng, Guoan, Tsia, Kevin K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Royal Society of Chemistry 01.03.2023
• Subjects: Algorithms; Analytical chemistry; Deep Learning; Image processing; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Imaging techniques; Inspection; Lab-on-a-chip; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Machine learning; Microscopes; Microscopy - methods; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Optical microscopes; Optical microscopy
• ISSN: 1473-0197; 1473-0189
• DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00813k

Propelled by the striking advances in optical microscopy and deep learning (DL), the role of imaging in lab-on-a-chip has dramatically been transformed from a silo inspection tool to a quantitative smart" engine. A suite of advanced optical microscopes now enables imaging over a range of spatial scales (from molecules to organisms) and temporal window (from microseconds to hours). On the other hand, the staggering diversity of DL algorithms has revolutionized image processing and analysis at the scale and complexity that were once inconceivable. Recognizing these exciting but overwhelming developments, we provide a timely review of their latest trends in the context of lab-on-a-chip imaging, or coined optofluidic imaging. More importantly, here we discuss the strengths and caveats of how to adopt, reinvent, and integrate these imaging techniques and DL algorithms in order to tailor different lab-on-a-chip applications. In particular, we highlight three areas where the latest advances in lab-on-a-chip imaging and DL can form unique synergisms: image formation, image analytics and intelligent image-guided autonomous lab-on-a-chip. Despite the on-going challenges, we anticipate that they will represent the next frontiers in lab-on-a-chip imaging that will spearhead new capabilities in advancing analytical chemistry research, accelerating biological discovery, and empowering new intelligent clinical applications. We discuss the recent trends in integrating deep-learning (DL) and optofluidic imaging. A holistic understanding of them could incentivize DL-powered optofluidic imaging for advancing a wide range of novel applications in science and biomedicine.