Recent Influenza A (H1N1) Infections of Pigs and Turkeys in Northern Europe

• Published in: Virology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 202; no. 1; pp. 281 - 286
• Main Authors: Ludwig, S., Haustein, A., Kaleta, E.F., Scholtissek, C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: San Diego, CA Elsevier Inc 1994; Elsevier
• Subjects: alemania; Alleles; allemagne; animal viruses; Animals; avian influenzavirus; Biological and medical sciences; cerdo; Chick Embryo; dindon; Disease Outbreaks; Epidemiology; Europe - epidemiology; france; francia; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gene; genes; Genes, Viral; germany; Humans; influenza A virus; Influenza A virus - isolation & purification; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza, Human - epidemiology; Influenza, Human - veterinary; influenzavirus aviaire; influenzavirus porcin; Microbiology; netherlands; nucleotide sequence; paises bajos; pavo; pays bas; porcin; Poultry Diseases - epidemiology; proteinas; proteine; proteins; secuencia nucleica; sequence nucleique; Swine; Swine Diseases - epidemiology; swine influenzavirus; Turkeys; Viral Proteins - genetics; Virology; virus de la influenza aviar; virus de la influenza porcina; virus de los animales; virus des animaux; Netherlands; Europe; Germany; Genetic reassortment; Orthomyxoviridae; Turkey(bird); Phylogeny; Influenzavirus; Pig; Virus; Molecular evolution; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Influenzavirus A; Avian influenzavirus; Transmission from animal to animal; Molecular epidemiology; Artiodactyla; Aves; Ungulata
• ISSN: 0042-6822; 1096-0341
• DOI: 10.1006/viro.1994.1344

The most recent introduction of an avian influenza A virus without reassortment into mammals occurred in 1979 when H1N1 strains could be isolated from diseased pigs in northern Europe. This newly introduced avian virus formed a stable lineage in pigs and, in the meantime, spread all over Europe. In 1991 highly pathogenic H1N1 strains closely related to a contemporary swine virus were isolated from turkeys of a breeding farm near Bremen, Germany. Outbreaks in several farms in Germany, France, and the Netherlands indicate that the "avian-like" swine viruses can easily be reintroduced into an avian population causing severe economical losses.