Electroactive polymer tag modified nanosensors for enhanced intracellular ATP detection

• Published in: Analyst (London) Vol. 149; no. 13; pp. 353 - 3536
• Main Authors: Kang, Yi-Ran, Jiao, Yu-Ting, Zhao, Chen-Fei, Zhang, Xin-Wei, Huang, Wei-Hua
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Royal Society of Chemistry 24.06.2024
• Subjects: Adenosine Triphosphate - analysis; Amplification; Aptamers, Nucleotide - chemistry; Biosensing Techniques - methods; Electroactive polymers; Electrochemical Techniques - instrumentation; Electrochemical Techniques - methods; Electrodes; Ferrous Compounds - chemistry; Gold - chemistry; HeLa Cells; Humans; Limit of Detection; Metallocenes - chemistry; Nanosensors; Nanowires; Nanowires - chemistry; Polymers; Polymers - chemistry
• ISSN: 0003-2654; 1364-5528; 1364-5528
• DOI: 10.1039/d4an00511b

ATP plays a crucial role in cell energy supply, so the quantification of intracellular ATP levels is particularly important for understanding many physio-pathological processes. The intracellular quantification of this non-electroactive molecule can be realized using aptamer-modified nanoelectrodes, but is hindered by the limited quantity of modification and electroactive tags on the nanosized electrodes. Herein, we developed a simple but effective electrochemical signal amplification strategy for intracellular ATP detection, which replaces the regular ATP aptamer-linked ferrocene monomer with a polymer, thus greatly magnifying the amounts of electrochemical reporters linked to one chain of the aptamer and enhancing the signals. This ferrocene polymer-ATP aptamer was further immobilized onto Au nanowire electrodes (SiC@C@Au NWEs) to achieve accurate quantification of intracellular ATP in single cells, presenting high electrochemical signal output and high specificity. This work not only provides a powerful tool for quantifying intracellular ATP but also offers a simple and versatile strategy for electrochemical signal amplification in the detection of broader non-electroactive molecules involved in different kinds of intracellular physiological processes. We developed a simple and effective electrochemical signal amplification strategy for intracellular ATP quantification, which replaces the regular ATP aptamer-linked ferrocene monomer to a polymer on electrochemical nanosensors.