A lightweight model design approach for few-shot malicious traffic classification

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 24710 - 15
• Main Authors: Wang, Ruonan, Huang, Minhuan, Zhao, Jinjing, Zhang, Hongzheng, Zhong, Wenjing, Zhang, Zhaowei, He, Liqiang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 21.10.2024; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/166; 639/166/987; Classification; Deep learning; Few-shot; Generalization; Humanities and Social Sciences; Lightweight model; Malicious traffic classification; multidisciplinary; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Transfer learning; Lightweight model; Generalization; Malicious traffic classification; Few-shot
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73342-7

Classifying malicious traffic, which can trace the lineage of attackers’ malicious families, is fundamental to safeguarding cybersecurity. However, the deep learning approaches currently employed require substantial volumes of data, conflicting with the challenges in acquiring and accurately labeling malicious traffic data. Additionally, edge network devices vulnerable to cyber-attacks often cannot meet the computational demands required to deploy deep learning models. The rapid mutation of malicious activities further underscores the need for models with strong generalization capabilities to adapt to evolving threats. This paper introduces an innovative few-shot malicious traffic classification method that is precise, lightweight, and exhibits enhanced generalization. By refining traditional transfer learning, the source model is segmented into public and private feature extractors for stepwise transfer, enhancing parameter alignment with specific target tasks. Neuron importance is then sorted based on the task of each feature extractor, enabling precise pruning to create an optimal lightweight model. An adversarial network guiding principle is adopted for retraining the public feature extractor parameters, thus strengthening the model’s generalization power. This method achieves an accuracy of over 97% on few-shot datasets with no more than 15 samples per class, has fewer than 50 K model parameters, and exhibits superior generalization compared to baseline methods.