Four cases of cervical varices without placenta praevia: Presentation, diagnosis, managements, and literature review

• Published in: The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research Vol. 48; no. 7; pp. 1997 - 2004
• Main Authors: Wong, Chun Kit, Hung, Catherine Man Wai, Ng, Vivian Kwun Sin, Yung, Wai Kuen, Leung, Wing Cheong, Lau, Wai Lam
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kyoto, Japan John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 01.07.2022; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: antepartum hemorrhage; Case reports; cervical varicosities; cervical varix; Cesarean section; Colposcopy; Diagnosis; Doppler effect; Hemorrhage; Literature reviews; Placenta; postpartum hemorrhage; Vagina; varicose veins; postpartum hemorrhage; antepartum hemorrhage; cervical varix; varicose veins; cervical varicosities
• ISSN: 1341-8076; 1447-0756
• DOI: 10.1111/jog.15252

Cervical varices are a rare condition characterized by recurrent antepartum hemorrhage and less than 20 cases were reported in the literature. It is usually associated with placenta previa. We herein describe four cases of cervical varices without placenta previa. Meticulous speculum examination, ultrasonography with Doppler and colposcopy are essential for establishing the diagnosis and assessing the extent of the cervical varix. We propose to classify it as the apparent external os type or ultrasonography‐based endocervical type. Most cases presented in the literature were delivered by cesarean section. Nevertheless, one of our cases was a successful vaginal delivery. Our case illustrates that vaginal delivery is possible in isolated cervical varices. More case reports are needed to have a better understanding of this rare entity.