Clinical utility of a model‐based amoxicillin dosage regimen in neonates with early‐onset sepsis

• Published in: British journal of clinical pharmacology Vol. 88; no. 11; pp. 4950 - 4955
• Main Authors: Kou, Chen, Li, Di‐Fei, Tang, Bo‐Hao, Dong, Lei, Yao, Bu‐Fan, Anker, John, You, Dian‐Ping, Wu, Yue‐E, Zhao, Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.11.2022
• Subjects: amoxicillin; early‐onset sepsis; effectiveness; optimized dose; target attainment
• ISSN: 0306-5251; 1365-2125
• DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15521

Early‐onset sepsis (EOS) is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Currently, amoxicillin is empirically used to treat neonates with EOS. However, data on its effectiveness in neonates with EOS are still limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamics (PD) target attainment and effectiveness of a model‐based amoxicillin dosage regimen in these neonates. We used a previously developed model and collected additional clinical data from the EOS neonates who used the model‐based dosage regimen (25 mg/kg every 12 h). The primary outcomes were PD target attainment (free drug concentration above minimum inhibitory concentration during 70% of the dosing interval) and treatment failure rate. The secondary endpoints were length of amoxicillin treatment, duration of hospitalization etc. Seventy‐five neonates (postmenstrual age 28.4–41.6 wk) were enrolled. A total of 70 (93.3%) neonates reached their PD target using 1 mg/L as the minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoint. The treatment failure rate was 10.7%.