Determination of morphine and its analogues in urine by on-line coupled reversed-phase liquid chromatography-gas chromatography with on-line derivatization

An on-line coupled reversed-phase liquid chromatography-gas chromatography (RPLC-GC) method requiring minimal manual sample preparation was developed for the determination of morphine, codeine, heroin, dihydrocodeine and ethylmorphine in urine. A loop-type interface and concurrent eluent evaporation...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of Chromatography A Vol. 771; no. 1; pp. 360 - 365
Main Authors Hyötyläinen, Tuulia, Keski-Hynnilä, Helena, Riekkola, Marja-Liisa
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 30.05.1997
Elsevier
Subjects
Analysis
Biological and medical sciences
Codeine
Derivatization, LC-GC
Dihydrocodeine
Ethylmorphine
General pharmacology
Heroin
Medical sciences
Morphine
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Urine
Urine
Ethylmorphine
Dihydrocodeine
Derivatization, LC-GC
Morphine
Heroin
Codeine
Human
Biological fluid
Chemical analysis
On line
Coupled method
Silylation
HPLC chromatography
Opiates
Flame ionization detector
Narcotic analgesic
Derivatization
Gas chromatography
Reversed phase chromatography
Ultraviolet detector
Diode array
Quantitative analysis
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Summary:An on-line coupled reversed-phase liquid chromatography-gas chromatography (RPLC-GC) method requiring minimal manual sample preparation was developed for the determination of morphine, codeine, heroin, dihydrocodeine and ethylmorphine in urine. A loop-type interface and concurrent eluent evaporation technique were used in the coupling, and the aqueous phase was changed to organic solvent by continuous liquid-liquid extraction before transfer to the GC. The two phases were separated with a sandwich-type phase separator. The analytes were also derivatized on-line before GC separation. The LC was used for clean-up, and the GC for the final separation and detection of the analytes. Total analysis time was less than 60 min, which is much shorter than with traditional analysis methods. A marked increase in the recoveries in liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was obtained by heating the aqueous eluent and the extraction coil. Linearity and repeatability of the method were good and the limits of quantification for the analytes were between 61 and 92 ng/ml.
ISSN:0021-9673
DOI:10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00199-4