Multibit Decentralized Detection Through Fusing Smart and Dumb Sensors Based on Rao Test

• Published in: IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems Vol. 56; no. 2; pp. 1391 - 1405
• Main Authors: Cheng, Xu, Ciuonzo, Domenico, Rossi, Pierluigi Salvo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.04.2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Asymptotic methods; Asymptotic properties; Decentralized detection (DD); Intelligent sensors; Likelihood ratio; Maximization; Measurement; multilevel quantization; Optimization; Particle swarm optimization; Probability density function; Quantization (signal); Rao test; Sensor phenomena and characterization; Sensors; Smart sensors; threshold optimization; Wireless sensor networks; wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
• ISSN: 0018-9251; 1557-9603
• DOI: 10.1109/TAES.2019.2936777

We consider decentralized detection of an unknown signal corrupted by zero-mean unimodal noise via wireless sensor networks. We assume the presence of both smart and dumb sensors: the former transmit unquantized measurements, whereas the latter employ multilevel quantizations (before transmission through binary symmetric channels) in order to cope with energy and/or bandwidth constraints. The data are received by a fusion center, which relies on a proposed Rao test, as a simpler alternative to the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT). The asymptotic performance analysis of the multibit Rao test is provided and exploited to propose a (signal-independent) quantizer design approach by maximizing the noncentrality parameter of the test-statistic distribution. Since the latter is a nonlinear and nonconvex function of the quantization thresholds, we employ the particle swarm optimization algorithm for its maximization. Numerical results are provided to show the effectiveness of the Rao test in comparison to the GLRT and the boost in performance obtained by (multiple) threshold optimization. Asymptotic performance is also exploited to define detection gain measures allowing to assess gain arising from use of dumb sensors and increasing their quantization resolution.