Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Communication Networks for the Maritime Internet of Things: Key Technologies, Opportunities, and Challenges

• Published in: IEEE internet of things journal Vol. 8; no. 11; pp. 8910 - 8934
• Main Authors: Wei, Te, Feng, Wei, Chen, Yunfei, Wang, Cheng-Xiang, Ge, Ning, Lu, Jianhua
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.06.2021; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: 5G mobile communication; Atmospheric modeling; Communication networks; Communications networks; Internet of Things; Knowledge library; Marine technology; maritime channel; maritime communication network (MCN); Maritime satellites; maritime service; Ocean temperature; Provisioning; Satellite broadcasting; Satellite communications; satellite-air-ground integration; Satellites; Sea measurements; Sea states; Transmission efficiency
• ISSN: 2327-4662; 2327-4662
• DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3056091

With the rapid development of marine activities, there has been an increasing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices on the ocean. This leads to a growing demand for high-speed and ultrareliable maritime communications. It has been reported that a large performance loss is often inevitable if the existing fourth-generation (4G), fifth-generation (5G), or satellite communication technologies are used directly on the ocean. Hence, conventional theories and methods need to be tailored to this maritime scenario to match its unique characteristics, such as dynamic electromagnetic propagation environments, geometrically limited available base station (BS) sites and rigorous service demands from mission-critical applications. Toward this end, we provide a survey on the demand for maritime communications enabled by state-of-the-art hybrid satellite-terrestrial maritime communication networks (MCNs). We categorize the enabling technologies into three types based on their aims: 1) enhancing transmission efficiency; 2) extending network coverage; and 3) provisioning maritime-specific services. Future developments and open issues are also discussed. Based on this discussion, we envision the use of external auxiliary information, such as sea state and atmosphere conditions, to build up an environment-aware, service-driven, and integrated satellite-air-ground MCN.