The River and the Sky: Astronomy and Topography in Caral Society, America's First Urban Centers

America's first urban centers may have been located in the Supe Valley, Peru. After investigating the location and the orientation of the main built structures, we show that it is not only the presence of the Supe River that determines their orientation but also that astronomical relationships...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inLatin American antiquity Vol. 32; no. 1; pp. 154 - 172
Main Authors González-García, A. César, Crispín, Aldemar, Solís, Ruth Shady, Ricra, José, Criado-Boado, Felipe, Belmonte, Juan A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York, USA Cambridge University Press 01.03.2021
Subjects
Archaeology
Architecture
Astronomy
Buildings
Excavation
Society
Stream flow
Topography
Valleys
Peru
Caral
orientation
Supe Valley
topography
archaeoastronomy
Valle del Supe
arqueoastronomía
Andean Formative period
Periodo Formativo Andino
orientación
topografía
paisaje
landscape
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Summary:America's first urban centers may have been located in the Supe Valley, Peru. After investigating the location and the orientation of the main built structures, we show that it is not only the presence of the Supe River that determines their orientation but also that astronomical relationships within the orientation of the buildings dictate their setting within the valley. The southernmost position of moonrise on the horizon seems to be the most important astronomical target. There is the possibility of a trend toward attributing greater importance to the June solstice sunrise and the rising of certain stars or asterisms. These orientations could relate to specific moments throughout the year, in particular to seasonal rains, subsequent river flooding, and agricultural cycles. This is one of the earliest examples of the interaction of land- and skyscapes in human cultures and indeed the first in the Americas.
ISSN:1045-6635
2325-5080
DOI:10.1017/laq.2020.88