Holographic design of hexagonal photonic crystals of irregular columns with large full band gap

• Published in: Optics communications Vol. 267; no. 2; pp. 305 - 309
• Main Authors: Shen, X.X., Cai, L.Z., Yang, X.L., Dong, G.Y., Meng, X.F., Xu, X.F., Wang, Y.R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 15.11.2006; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Electromagnetic theory; Exact sciences and technology; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications); Holographic interferometry; Holographic interferometry; other holographic techniques; Holography; Interference; Microstructure fabrication; Optical materials; Optics; Photonic bandgap materials; Photonic crystals; Physics; Wave optics; 42.25.Hz; 41.20.Jb; 42.70.Qs; Photonic crystals; Interference; 42.40.Kw; Holographic interferometry; Microstructure fabrication; Electromagnetic theory; Photonic band gap; Lithography; Dielectric materials; Two dimensional structure; Design; Hexagonal lattices; Optical design techniques
• ISSN: 0030-4018; 1873-0310
• DOI: 10.1016/j.optcom.2006.06.052

The shape and size of the dielectric columns or particles (“atoms”) of photonic crystals (PhCs) formed by holographic lithography are determined by the isointensity surfaces of the interference field; consequently the PhCs’ photonic band gap (PBG) properties are closely related to their fabrication design. Here we have proposed a new structure of two-dimensional (2-D) hexagonal lattice with irregular columns, which can yield a 2-D complete relative band gap of 24.0% in case of the dielectric columns of ε = 13.6 in air, about 27% increase compared with that of the same lattice with regular triangular columns. This band gap size is among the largest for all the possible 2-D PhCs reported until now. The relationship between band gap properties of resultant structure and the specific fabrication conditions such as structure design and the choice of optimum intensity threshold and filling ratio are systematically discussed. The optical design for making this structure by two exposures is explained. This work may demonstrate the unique feature and advantages of photonic crystals made by holographic method and provide a guideline for their design and experimental fabrication.