Enabling Grant-Free URLLC: An Overview of Principle and Enhancements by Massive MIMO

• Published in: IEEE internet of things journal Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 384 - 400
• Main Authors: Ding, Jie, Nemati, Mahyar, Pokhrel, Shiva Raj, Park, Ok-Sun, Choi, Jinho, Adachi, Fumiyuki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.01.2022; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: 5G mobile communication; Cell-free (CF); Delays; grant-free (GF) random access; Industries; Long Term Evolution; massive MIMO (mMIMO); MIMO communication; Network latency; Packet transmission; Random access; Reliability; retransmission; Smart manufacturing; Ultra reliable low latency communication; ultrareliable low-latency communication (URLLC)
• ISSN: 2327-4662; 2327-4662
• DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3107242

Enabling ultrareliable low-latency communication (URLLC) with stringent requirements for transmitting data packets (e.g., 99.999% reliability and 1-ms latency) presents considerable uplink transmission challenges. For each packet transmission over dynamically allocated network radio resources, the conventional random access protocols are based on a request-grant scheme. This induces excessive latency and necessitates reliable control signaling, resulting in overhead. To address these problems, grant-free (GF) solutions are proposed in the fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR). In this article, an overview and vision of the state of the art in enabling GF URLLC are presented. In particular, we first provide a comprehensive review of NR specifications and techniques for URLLC, discuss underlying principles, and highlight impeding issues of enabling GF URLLC. Furthermore, we briefly explain two key phenomena of massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) (i.e., channel hardening and favorable propagation) and build several deep insights into how celebrated mMIMO features can be exploited to address the issues and enhance the performance of GF URLLC. Moving further ahead, we examine the potential of cell-free (CF) mMIMO and analyze its distinctive features and benefits over mMIMO to resolve GF URLLC issues. Finally, we identify future research directions and challenges in enabling GF URLLC with CF mMIMO.