LLM-generated tips rival expert-created tips in helping students answer quantum-computing questions

• Published in: EPJ quantum technology Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 33
• Main Authors: Krupp, Lars, Bley, Jonas, Gobbi, Isacco, Geng, Alexander, Müller, Sabine, Suh, Sungho, Moghiseh, Ali, Castaneda Medina, Arcesio, Bartsch, Valeria, Widera, Artur, Ott, Herwig, Lukowicz, Paul, Karolus, Jakob, Kiefer-Emmanouilidis, Maximilian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.12.2025; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Bias; Large language models; Multiple choice; Nanotechnology and Microengineering; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Placebo effect; Quantum computing; Quantum Education; Quantum Information Technology; Quantum Physics; Questions; Spintronics; Students; Tips; Quantum computing; Survey; Education; Large Language Models
• ISSN: 2662-4400; 2196-0763
• DOI: 10.1140/epjqt/s40507-025-00334-5

Alleviating high workloads for teachers is crucial for continuous high quality education. To evaluate if Large Language Models (LLMs) can alleviate this problem in the quantum computing domain, we conducted two complementary studies exploring the use of GPT-4 to automatically generate tips for students. (1) A between-subject survey in which students (N = 46) solved four multiple-choice quantum computing questions with either the help of expert-created or LLMgenerated tips. To correct for possible biases, we additionally introduced two deception conditions. (2) Experienced educators and students (N = 23) directly compared the LLM-generated and expert-created tips. Our results show that the LLM-generated tips were significantly more helpful and pointed better towards relevant concepts while also giving away more of the answers. Furthermore, we found that participants in the first study performed significantly better in answering the quantum computing questions when given tips labeled as LLM-generated, even if they were expert-created. This points towards a placebo effect induced by the participants’ biases for LLM-generated content. Ultimately, we contribute that LLM-generated tips can be used instead of expert tips to support teaching of quantum computing basics.