Energy and protein levels in dairy cow diets to recover milk ethanol stability

• Published in: Journal of dairy science Vol. 107; no. 10; pp. 7951 - 7959
• Main Authors: Schmidt, F.A., Werncke, D., Kappes, R., Fischer, V., Gomes, I.P.O., Cardozo, L.L., Reche, N.L.M., Voges, J.G., Felipus, N.C., Parizotto Filho, R., Vizzotto, E.F., de Abreu, A.S., Thaler Neto, A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.10.2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle - physiology; Diet - veterinary; Ethanol; ethanol test; feed restriction; Female; Lactation; Milk - chemistry; Milk - metabolism; milk clots; milk yield; milk clots; ethanol test; feed restriction; milk yield
• ISSN: 0022-0302; 1525-3198; 1525-3198
• DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24860

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of energy and protein in the diet on the recovery of milk ethanol stability (MES) induced by feed restriction. Twelve Holstein and Holstein × Jersey crossbred cows with an average of 146 ± 50 DIM, 575.4 ± 70 kg of BW, and 18.93 ± 5.46 kg/d of milk yield were distributed in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 treatments and 3 experimental periods. Each experimental period lasted 24 d, comprising 3 phases: a 13-d adaptation phase (100E+100P), a 4-d induction phase for milk ethanol instability (50E+50P), and a 7-d recovery phase for MES (3 treatments). The 3 treatments during the recovery phase consisted of 3 diets aiming to meet the requirements of energy and protein (100E+100P), only energy (100E+50P), or only protein (50E+100P). The diet during the adaptation and induction phases was common for all cows. The energy and protein levels to meet each cow's requirements were based on the group average. Restriction of energy and protein reduced DM, CP, and total digestive nutrient intake for cows fed 100E+50P and 50E+100P. The lowest BW was observed for cows fed 50E+100P, with no difference for BCS. During the induction phase, MES was reduced by 9 percentage units. Cows fed 100E+100P recovered MES in the first days of the recovery phase, whereas 100E+50P slightly improved MES, and 50E+100P had a constant decrease in MES. Cows fed 100E+50P and 50E+100P produced, respectively, 3.6 and 5.9 kg less milk than those fed 100E+100P. The 50E+100P treatment exhibited the highest milk fat content and SCS, along with the lowest milk lactose content. Protein content was higher in the 100E+100P treatment. Cows fed 50E+100P showed higher serum albumin levels compared with those on the 100E+100P treatment, not differing from the 100E+50P treatment. We concluded that the complete recovery of MES in cows with feed restrictions is possible only by supplying both the energy and protein requirements in the cows' diet. However, restricting energy intake poses a greater limitation on MES recovery compared with restricting protein.