Synthesis of heteroatom and metallic compound self-co-doped porous carbon derived from swine manure for supercapacitor electrodes and lead ion adsorbents

• Published in: Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry (Seoul, Korea) Vol. 102; pp. 195 - 205
• Main Authors: Qin, Liyuan, Wu, Yang, Hou, Zhiwei, Zhang, Shihui, Jiang, Enchen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 25.10.2021; 한국공업화학회
• Subjects: Electrochemical performance; Metallic elements and heteroatoms; Pb2+ adsorption; Porous carbon; Self-co-doped; Swine manure; 화학공학; Electrochemical performance; Pb2+ adsorption; Porous carbon; Self-co-doped; Metallic elements and heteroatoms; Swine manure
• ISSN: 1226-086X; 1876-794X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.06.038

[Display omitted] •SMACs with different structures and heteroatom contents were obtained.•SMACHF with a SSA of 2321 m2/g exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 278 F/g.•Excellent Pb2+ adsorption of 211.8 mg/g by SMACNON was obtained.•Heteroatoms and metallic elements improved the capacitance retention by 100% after 10,000 cycles. Swine manure activated carbon (SMAC) with self-co-doped metallic compounds and heteroatoms was prepared by combining KOH activation with pyrolysis. The structure, electrochemical performance and adsorption of SMACs prepared with various activation temperatures, activation times, alkali-carbon ratios and pickling steps were investigated. A hierarchical pore structure existed in all the SMACs, which showed excellent and significantly different properties, including a specific capacitance of 278 F/g, and a high SSA of 2321 m2/g (SMACHF), which retained 100% of its capacitance after 10,000 cycles at 5 A/g and a Pb2+ adsorption capacity of 211.8 mg/g at room temperature (SMACNON). The SMACs contained heteroatom functional groups and Si, Ca and Mg compounds, which did not produce pseudocapacitors but did increase the Pb2+ adsorption capacity and electrochemical cycling stability. The Pb2+ adsorption capacities of SMACNON, SMACPHF and SMACHF corresponded to the effect of the functional group content rather than the effect of the SSA. These porous carbons were derived from inexpensive swine manure, combine suitable porosity with metallic elements and heteroatom doping, and have promising uses in multifunctional applications.