The impact of maternal pertussis vaccination recommendation on infant pertussis incidence and mortality in the USA: an interrupted time series analysis

• Published in: International journal of epidemiology Vol. 53; no. 1
• Main Authors: Psaras, Catherine, Regan, Annette, Nianogo, Roch, Arah, Onyebuchi A, Seamans, Marissa J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Oxford University Press 01.02.2024
• Subjects: Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant Mortality; Interrupted Time Series Analysis; Original; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; Pregnancy; United States - epidemiology; Vaccination; Whooping Cough - epidemiology; Whooping Cough - prevention & control; United States; Pertussis; interrupted time series; USA; Tdap epidemiology; maternal immunization
• ISSN: 0300-5771; 1464-3685; 1464-3685
• DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad161

Abstract Background Pertussis is a contagious respiratory disease. Maternal tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis vaccination during pregnancy has been recommended by the United States Centres for Disease Control (US CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for unvaccinated pregnant women since October 2011 to prevent infection among infants; in 2012, ACIP extended this recommendation to every pregnancy, regardless of previous vaccination status. The population-level effect of these recommendations on infant pertussis is unknown. This study aimed to examine the impact of the 2011/2012 ACIP pertussis recommendation on pertussis incidence and mortality among US infants. Methods We used monthly data on pertussis deaths among infants aged <1 year between January 2005 and December 2017 in the CDC Death Data and yearly infant pertussis incidence data from the CDC National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System to perform an interrupted time series analysis, accounting for the passage of the Affordable Care Act. Results This study included 156 months of data. A potential decline in trend in infant pertussis incidence was noted during the post-recommendations period. No appreciable differences in trend were found in population-level infant pertussis mortality after the guideline changes in both adjusted and unadjusted models. Results were similar for all mortality sensitivity analyses. Conclusions The 2011/2012 ACIP maternal pertussis vaccination recommendations were not associated with a population-level change in the trend in mortality, but were potentially associated with a decrease in incidence in the USA between 2005 and 2017.