Morphing Structure for Changing Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Soft Underwater Walking Robot

• Published in: IEEE robotics and automation letters Vol. 4; no. 4; pp. 4163 - 4169
• Main Authors: Ishida, Michael, Drotman, Dylan, Shih, Benjamin, Hermes, Mark, Luhar, Mitul, Tolley, Michael T.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.10.2019; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Actuators; biologically-inspired robots; Change detection; Drag; Flow velocity; Hydrodynamics; Inflatable structures; Inspection; Legged locomotion; Locomotion; marine robotics; Morphing; Morphology; Robot sensing systems; Robots; Shape; Soft robot applications; Underwater; Underwater exploration; Walking
• ISSN: 2377-3766; 2377-3766
• DOI: 10.1109/LRA.2019.2931263

Existing platforms for underwater exploration and inspection are often limited to traversing open water and must expend large amounts of energy to maintain a position in flow for long periods of time. Many benthic animals overcome these limitations using legged locomotion and have different hydrodynamic profiles dictated by different body morphologies. This work presents an underwater legged robot with soft legs and a soft inflatable morphing body that can change shape to influence its hydrodynamic characteristics. Flow over the morphing body separates behind the trailing edge of the inflated shape, so whether the protrusion is at the front, center, or back of the robot influences the amount of drag and lift. When the legged robot (2.87 N underwater weight) needs to remain stationary in flow, an asymmetrically inflated body resists sliding by reducing lift on the body by 40% (from 0.52 N to 0.31 N) at the highest flow rate tested while only increasing drag by 5.5% (from 1.75 N to 1.85 N). When the legged robot needs to walk with flow, a large inflated body is pushed along by the flow, causing the robot to walk 16% faster than it would with an uninflated body. The body shape significantly affects the ability of the robot to walk against flow as it is able to walk against 0.09 m/s flow with the uninflated body, but is pushed backwards with a large inflated body. We demonstrate that the robot can detect changes in flow velocity with a commercial flow sensor and respond by morphing into a hydrodynamically preferable shape.