HWCVD MoO3 nanoparticles and a-Si for next generation Li-ion anodes

• Published in: Thin solid films Vol. 519; no. 14; pp. 4495 - 4497
• Main Authors: DILLON, A. C, RILEY, L. A, JUNG, Y. S, BAN, C, MOLINA, D, MAHAN, A. H, CAVANAGH, A. S, GEORGE, S. M, LEE, S.-H
• Format: Conference Proceeding Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier 02.05.2011
• Subjects: amorphous silicon; Anodes; atomic layer deposition; Chemical vapor deposition; Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced cvd, mocvd, etc.); Coatings; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Deposition; Exact sciences and technology; Fullerenes and related materials; diamonds, graphite; Li-ion batteries; Materials science; Materials selection; Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy; MoO3 nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization; NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; Nanostructure; Other topics in nanoscale materials and structures; Physics; Silicon; SOLAR ENERGY; Specific materials; Vapor phase epitaxy; growth from vapor phase; Hot filament chemical vapor deposition; Aluminium oxide; Atomic layer method; High density; Molybdenum oxide; Amorphous silicon; Crystal growth from vapors; Electrode material; Nanostructures; Coatings; MoO; Li-ion batteries; Lithium battery; Nanoparticles; Atomic layer deposition; Conformal coatings; Morphology; Graphite; Silicon; Nanostructured materials; Hysteresis
• ISSN: 0040-6090; 1879-2731
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.337

We have employed hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) for the generation of MoO3 nanostructures at high density. Furthermore, the morphology of the nanoparticles is easily tailored by altering the HWCVD synthesis conditions. The MoO3 nanoparticles have been demonstrated as high-capacity Li-ion battery anodes for next-generation electric vehicles. Specifically, the MoO3 anodes have been shown to have approximately three times the Li-ion capacity of commercially employed graphite anodes in thick electrodes suitable for vehicular applications. However because the materials are high volume expansion materials ( greater than or equal to 100%), conformal Al2O3 coatings deposited with atomic layer deposition (ALD) were required before high rate capability was demonstrated. Recently, NREL is exploring high capacity Si anode materials that have a volume expansion of ~400%. It is assumed that new ALD coatings will need to be developed in order to stabilize Si as an anode material. Silicon is a superior choice for an anode material to the metal oxide structures due to both a higher capacity and a significantly lower hysteresis in the voltage vs. Li/Li+ for the charge/discharge profiles.