Optical Injection Locking of Longitudinal Modes in a Discrete Mode Laser: Application in Gain-Switched Optical Frequency Combs

• Published in: Journal of lightwave technology Vol. 42; no. 10; pp. 3799 - 3806
• Main Authors: Quirce, Ana, Kelleher, Bryan, Valle, Angel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 15.05.2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Frequency locking; Gain switching; injection locking; Laser mode locking; Lasers; longitudinal modes; Nonlinear dynamics; Optical attenuators; Optical feedback; Optical frequency; optical frequency comb generator; optical injection; Optical polarization; Optical refraction; Optical variables control; Semiconductor lasers
• ISSN: 0733-8724; 1558-2213
• DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2024.3363892

A detailed experimental study of the effect of external optical injection (OI) on a single-mode discrete mode laser (DML) when the wavelength of the OI is far from that of the solitary DML is presented. We show that the situation observed in Fabry Pérot lasers by Jain et al. extends to single-mode DMLs since injection locking of many longitudinal modes of the device is obtained, giving rise to a wavelength tunability larger than 37 nm. We show that the injection locking range is minimum when injecting close to the longitudinal mode that appears in the free-running DML (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">q=0</tex-math></inline-formula>). We present the observed nonlinear dynamics of the laser when subject to OI with a wavelength close to a longitudinal mode with <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">q\ne 0</tex-math></inline-formula> and in particular, we show that OI induces dynamics simultaneously in several longitudinal modes. Different nonlinear dynamics are observed for positive and negative frequency detunings with respect to the injected mode. We also investigate the effect of OI in optical frequency combs (OFCs) generated by gain-switching the DML in a very wide range of wavelengths of the OI. We show that wavelength tunable injection-locked OFCs are obtained with quasi-continuous wavelength tunability larger than 37 nm.