The diversity of phytic acid content and grain processing play decisive role on minerals bioavailability in rice

• Published in: Journal of food composition and analysis Vol. 115; p. 105032
• Main Authors: Kumar, Awadhesh, Lal, Milan Kumar, Sahoo, Soumya Kumar, Dash, Goutam Kumar, Sahoo, Upasana, Behera, Biswaranjan, Nayak, Lopamudra, Bagchi, Torit Baran
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 01.01.2023
• Subjects: Bioavailability; Biofortification; biosynthesis; bran; endosperm; food composition; genes; genotype; Iron; phosphorus; Phytic acid; rice; staple foods; Zinc; Biofortification; Iron; Bioavailability; Phytic acid; Zinc
• ISSN: 0889-1575; 1096-0481
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105032

Rice is a staple food and important source of micronutrients for more than three billion people globally. However, the bioavailability of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) is affected by phytic acid (PA). In this work, we analyzed 67 genotypes for Fe, Zn and PA contents. Contrasting PA genotypes were selected in each category of high protein, scented, pigmented and general rice for bioavailability analysis. Our results explain that though Fe content in genotype PB 140 was high, the bioavailability was low which might be due to its higher PA content (21.03 g/kg). The Fe and PA are majorly located in outer bran layer of endosperm, therefore, its bioavailability was affected by PA. However, Zn bioavailability was not much affected by PA as it is distributed homogenously in the rice grain. Moreover, PA biosynthetic genes (IPK1, MIPS1) and grain specific phosphorus transporter gene (SPDT) expressed higher in the middle stage of grain filling which was correlated with higher PA accumulation. Our study provides an insight into the improvement of mechanism of Fe and Zn bioavailability in rice grain which help breeders involved in biofortification programme to develop high minerals bioavailable genotypes by targeting PA related genes. •Variability of phytic acid (PA) and mineral content in rice grain affects its bioavailability.•Grain processing also has impact on PA, mineral content and bioavailability.•Phytic acid show more pronounced effect on Fe bioavailability then Zn bioavailability.•Phosphorus transporter and PA biosynthesis genes expression linked to PA accumulation.